Climate Change Adaptation

Climate change is due to increase in the atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHG) concentration that gives rise to causative effects and complicated relationship with flood and its risk.

During the last three decades, the climate change impact caused unprecedented flood and drought event occurrences with changes in frequency, intensity, and duration increments (Z. Şen,2018). Such events led to inflicting damages, and as a result of global warming, climate change started to impact water resources supply and demand, (IPCC 2007, 2013).

Water supply systems and their managements are vulnerable for future climate change effects, and therefore, they need to essential engineering structures, which enable safe and reliable supply and distribution through properly designed infrastructures. Especially, summer and winter extreme weather events cause droughts and floods more frequently and severely than the past seasons affecting water structures.